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History
Ada Deer-First member of Monominee Tribe to graduate from University of Wisconsin 1957-Recieve a Masters Degree 1961-First woman to serve as a chair of Monominee Restoration Committee 1974-Pollitzer award,Ethical Cultural Society,NY 1975-First Native American woman to head Bureau of Indian Affairs 1993-1997-A delegate to United Nations Human Rights Committee-National Womens History honoree-2000
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Arlene Violet
http://jrooke.tripod.com/sitebuilder...g.w180h314.jpg Arlene Violet (R-RI), a former nun, became the first woman elected as a state's attorney general, serving from 1985-87. |
Nita Lowey
http://www.jpost.com/HttpHandlers/Sh...ashx?ID=140271 Representative Nita Lowey (D-NY) became the first woman to chair the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee. She also served as House Minority Whip-at-Large. |
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Valerie Deering
The Ms. Foundation for Women is celebrating Women’s History Month with a blog carnival featuring the voices and profiles of women across the country. This Month of Action is generously supported by our friends in Seattle. By Valerie Deering I am a survivor of domestic violence. It started with my family of origin and culminated in one brave act to call law enforcement after I had been thrown down stairs by a man who “loved” me. During my month-long stay with him, while I was being treated for breast cancer, he said and did many disturbing things to me. Luckily, once the police were called, the situation became a state matter. Like many women, I began to feel guilty about calling the police because the man became even more abusive and threatened to throw me out if I didn’t recant my story. So I did, on paper. The man became even more violent. It was as if the paper were a permission slip to treat me as an object, his property. Finally, I escaped – but only after he made more threats to my safety, causing me to experience an enormous moment of clarity. Despite the evidence of cuts and bruises and the police testimony, this man was exonerated from domestic violence. However, he had broken a piece of my furniture in his rage. The final verdict? Guilty of destruction of personal property. I’m glad to hear that he was handed some sort of consequence for his violent behavior. But how telling is it that his consequence was for destroying a piece of furniture rather than tossing a woman down the stairs? Surviving domestic violence taught me that I have power. I just gave it away for so long. Now I use it for good in the world, helping others realize their own power. A year ago, I started a women's foundation for the education, empowerment and rehabilitation of women and girls who have been touched by domestic violence – which is way too many, as you know. Valerie Deering lives in Overland Park, KS. |
Check out the events in your areas!
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Happy International Women's Day!!!
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It's OUR Day!
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Malala Yousafzai
http://media1.policymic.com/site/art...0433/photo.jpg Educational Activist, Global movement influence, Unstoppable,Survivor. |
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Timeline: Through the Centuries
This fascinated the crap out of me. There are 9 periods. this is the first: Antiquity: 10,000 BC to AD 500 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10,000 to 5,000 BCE In several regions, women, who are the traditional gatherers of foodstuffs, initiate the profound cultural phenomenon of agriculture. c. 3500 BC Egyptian women begin brewing beer. c. 3000 BC According to legend, the Chinese empress Leizu (original name Xilingshi) invents sericulture (the production of raw silk by using domesticated silkworms). c. 2300 BC The Akkadian theologian and writer Enheduanna, daughter of Sargon, is made chief priestess of the gods at Ur and Erech. c. 1850 BC Egyptian texts describe contraceptive suppositories made from a mixture of honey and crocodile dung. This is the first known reference to contraceptives. c. 1750 BC The Code of Hammurabi, the Babylonian law code, protects a woman's right to hold and inherit property. c. 1500 BC Female students attend the Egyptian medical school at Heliopolis. 1472 BC Hatshepsut begins her rule over Egypt, first as a regent for Thutmose III and later in her own right, with the full titles and regalia of a pharaoh. During her reign she expands commerce on the Red Sea and undertakes an extensive building program. c. 1450 BC By law and by custom, Mesopotamian women are controlled first by their fathers, then by their husbands and fathers-in-law, and finally by their sons. 843 BC Athaliah becomes queen of Judah. Her seven-year reign is bloody, as she tries to murder everyone who might oppose her. 776 BC Women are barred as both competitors and spectators at the first recorded Olympic Games. c. 600 BC On the island of Lesbos, Sappho writes poetry and teaches young women poetry, music, and the social graces. c. 600 BC In Sparta, girls are trained in athletics, including running, javelin, and discus, so that they will become strong and healthy mothers. c. 600 BC Ambapali, a wealthy Indian courtesan, gives her mango groves to the Buddha. She becomes his disciple and reaches the status of arhat (a perfected person). 480 BC Artemisia I commands five ships in the Battle of Salamis. c. 450 BC In Athens, Aspasia opens a salon for upper-class women. There she teaches rhetoric and philosophy. 380 BC Greek women have no independent status in society; although they may own slaves, they may not make transactions worth more than one medimnos of barley. c. 351 BC Artemisia II completes construction of the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, a great tomb for her husband, Mausolus. It becomes one of the Seven Wonders of the World. c. 300 BC Athenian philosopher Hipparchia studies with the Cynic Crates of Thebes. She forces her parents to let her marry him and boasts of spending her life on education rather than weaving. c. 195 BC Gaohou seizes power from her son to become the first woman ruler of China. 195 BC Roman women successfully insist on the repeal of the Oppian law, a sumptuary tax passed in 215 that forbids them to wear multicoloured garments or more than half an ounce of gold. 51 BC Cleopatra becomes queen of Egypt. 47 BC In Sri Lanka, Queen Anula takes the throne. Her reign ends in 42 BC with her resignation. AD 39 Two sisters, Trung Trac and Trung Nhi, lead the first Vietnamese revolt against Chinese rule. Despite early successes, the revolt eventually fails. 53 In the Korean kingdom of Koguryo, the queen mother serves as successful regent for her son King T'aejo. 60 Queen Boudicca of the Iceni rallies British tribes in an unsuccessful but hard-fought and bloody revolt against Roman annexation. c. 65 Ethiopian women and men fight in Rome as gladiators. Under the emperors Nero and Domitian, women captives—especially German ones—frequently fight in the arena. 107 Dowager empress Deng holds the real power in China behind the boy-emperor An'di. c. 115 Chinese poet and historian Ban Zhao dies after a long and renowned career. 239 Queen Himiko of Yamatai, the first known ruler of Japan, establishes diplomatic relations with China. 248 Vietnamese patriot Trieu Au, with an army of 1,000, leads a revolt against the Chinese. She commits suicide after the revolt fails. 269 Zenobia of Palmyra challenges Roman rule by conquering Egypt and much of Asia Minor. She and her son are captured three years later by the Roman emperor Aurelian. 326 According to legend, Helena, mother of Roman Emperor Constantine I, claims to have found the sites of the Ascension and the Holy Sepulchre and establishes churches on those sites. Later legend says she also found the Holy Cross. 350 Chinese calligrapher Wei Shuo dies. She was the teacher of Wang Xizhi, the most celebrated of Chinese calligraphers. c. 385 Roman St. Paula founds monasteries for men and women in Bethlehem. Her daughter Eustochium becomes head of the women's community upon Paula's death in 404. c. 399 St. Fabiola, founder of the first public hospital in the Latin West in Rome, dies. 415 Egyptian scholar and teacher Hypatia, the most prominent Alexandrian pagan, is murdered by a fanatical mob of Christians. 431 The Council of Ephesus recognizes Mary as the “Mother of God,” resulting in the spread westward from Byzantium of the cult of the Virgin. 493 Princess Clotilda of Burgundy marries Clovis I, king of the Franks. She converts him to Christianity. http://www.britannica.com/women/time...section=249211 Tomorrow....medieval times 501-1500 |
I have a story to share because dammit I want to tell someone...
Every day I allow my 5th grade class to run a "news show". It includes a weather report, local news report, world news, and natural disaster updates (I am a science teacher after all). For Women's history month I gave my reporters the task of reporting on Women in history. They reported on Maya Angelou, Jane Austin, Sally Ride, Rosa Parks, etc. My students enjoyed hearing the daily reports. Yesterday, the last day of school before Spring Break, we are just about ready to start the news when I get an email that I have no choice but to respond to right away. I tell them to begin the news while I send the email and that I would be listening. I am completely caught up in this email when I here the voice of one of my reporters say "Ms. Copeland is my Science teacher and she is an influential women of today." My jaw drops and I can feel myself get choked up. I held it together, but sat there and listened as my student read a report she wrote on my life. You really never know who you are influencing. My heart was happy all day. |
Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir became Iceland's first female Prime Minister and the world's first openly lesbian head of government on 1 February 2009. Jóhanna is a social democrat and Iceland's longest-serving member of Parliament. In the 1990s, when she lost a bid to head the Social Democratic Party, she raised her fist and declared "Minn tími mun koma!" ("My time will come!"), a phrase that became a popular Icelandic expression. In 2009, Forbes listed her among the 100 Most Powerful Women in the world. In September 2012, Jóhanna announced she would not seek re-election and would instead retire from politics. In 2010, after her government banned strip clubs, paying for nudity in restaurants, and other means of employers profiting from employees' nudity, Jóhanna said "The Nordic countries are leading the way on women's equality, recognizing women as equal citizens rather than commodities for sale." After the decision was made she was hailed by her fellow feminists with Julie Bindel claiming Iceland has become the most feminist country in the world. |
Time line - Medieval times: 501 to 1500
c. 594
Japanese Empress Suiko encourages the spread of Buddhism and orders the construction of Buddhist temples. 600 Women in England may be publicly punished as “scolds,” a practice that will continue for 1,000 years. 632 Queen Sondok becomes the ruler of the Korean kingdom of Silla. During her reign, she fights the kingdom of Paekche, sends students to China for education, and constructs Buddhist temples. 656 'A'ishah, widow of Muhammad, rebels against the caliph 'Ali in the Battle of the Camel at Basra. c. 659 Indian Queen Vidya writes Sanskrit poetry. 721 According to legend, Princess Libuše and her husband, Premysl, found the city of Prague. 787 The second Council of Nicaea is convened by Byzantine ruler Irene to settle the question of worshipping icons. The bishops rule in favour of icon worship. 801 Charlemagne outlaws prostitution. c. 900 The practice of binding the feet of aristocratic women becomes popular in the Chinese court. c. 950 An anonymous Norwegian woman writes Wise Women's Prophesy, a history of the world, including prophecies for the future. 988 Vladimir I of Russia converts Russia to Christianity and marries Anne, sister of Byzantine Emperor Basil II. With this act, Byzantine culture is introduced to Russia and the Crimea. c. 1010 Japanese author Murasaki Shikibu finishes the Genji monogatari (The Tale of Genji), a masterpiece of Japanese literature. c. 1070 Englishwomen embroider the Bayeux Tapestry, using wool thread on linen to record the events of the Norman Conquest. c. 1118 In France, Héloïse begins her doomed romance with Peter Abelard. The relationship outrages her family, and Héloïse flees to a convent in Argenteuil, where she is later made prioress. 1147 Eleanor of Aquitaine accompanies her husband, French King Louis VII, on the Second Crusade. After their marriage collapses in 1152, she marries the future King Henry II of England. 1152 Abbess Hildegard of Bingen completes Scivias, a recollection of her visions that had been confirmed as authentic by a committee of theologians. c. 1160 Frau Ava of Melk is one of Germany's first female poets. 1220 At the University of Paris, women are banned from practicing medicine. 1319 Chinese calligrapher and painter Guan Daosheng dies after a career that included a number of commissions for Emperor Renzong. 1350 The presence of more than 3,000 nuns in England reflects the flourishing of convents and religious orders for women in the Middle Ages. 1351 England's Treason Act considers any murder that subverts the usual hierarchies, such as a servant killing his master or a wife killing her husband, to be petty treason. 1384 Jadwiga is crowned “king” of Poland. Two years later she marries Grand Duke Jogaila of Lithuania, thus uniting the kingdoms. 1390 London licensing law for doctors requires a university education, thus barring women from the profession. 1390 At the University of Bologna, Dorotea Bocchi takes the chair of medicine, formerly held by her father. 1397 Under the Kalmar Union, Denmark, Sweden, and Norway are united under Queen Margaret I as their sole monarch. 1405 Italian-born French scholar Christine de Pisan writes The Book of the City of Ladies, in praise of women and in defense of their virtues. 1406 In Korea plans are made for training women doctors to serve female patients who refuse to be treated by male doctors. 1429 Joan of Arc, supported by Queen Yolande, begins her military and religious campaign against the English. At the Battle of Orléans she leads the French army to victory. c. 1436 The mystic Margery Kempe finishes dictating her autobiography, The Boke of Margery Kempe, to two clerks. The book is one of the earliest English autobiographies. 1448 Margaret of Anjou, the wife of Henry VI of England, establishes Queens' College, Cambridge. 1455 Female English silk manufacturers petition the crown to stop competition from Lombard silk manufacturers. c. 1486 Johann Sprenger and Heinrich Kraemer publish Malleus maleficarum (“Hammer of Witches”), arguing that women, as the weaker sex, are more likely to be witches. 1492 Queen Isabella I of Spain finances Christopher Columbus's voyage of exploration to the East Indies. Columbus instead finds the West Indies. ------------------------------------- Next up: Early modern period: 1501 to 1800 |
http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:A...0p7o6Gd2biQE8w pride parade picture <3
Barbara Roberts I delivered packages to this woman after her term as governor. Always sweet as could be , she sent me off with coffee and a muffin, more times than I could count. She answered the door in her robe and slippers, I had no idea she was writing a book about grief at the time, which is apparently a must read. She is still doing a lot of good things , 20 years later. A descendant of Oregon Trail pioneers and a fourth generation Oregonian, former Gov. Barbara K. Roberts has carried forth the tradition of trailblazing and innovation. Roberts began her years of public service as an advocate for disabled children as she fought for the educational rights of her autistic son. While Roberts was governor (1991-1995), Oregon was recognized by Financial World Magazine as the seventh best-managed state in the nation. Roberts was recognized as a strong advocate for environmental management, a national leader for human and civil rights, and among the nation's foremost reinventors of effective government during her governorship. While Roberts was governor, Oregon won the prestigious "Innovations in Government Award" from the Ford Foundation and the Kennedy School of Government in recognition of the nationally acclaimed Oregon Benchmarks Program. Roberts used the Benchmarks measurable goals as an integral part of her budgeting and planning efforts while governor. Before being elected governor, Roberts was elected Oregon's Secretary of State (1985-1991) as well as serving as an elected member of the Oregon House of Representatives (1981-1985). Roberts also has served as a county commissioner, an elected school board member, and an elected community college board member. Roberts taught for several years at Portland State University’s Hatfield School of Government as an associate director of leadership development, retiring from that position in 2004. Before that, she had a five-year association with the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. She served as director of the Harvard Program for Senior Executives in State and Local Government, and later as senior fellow to the Women and Public Policy Program. In 2001, The Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University honored Roberts with "The Alumni Public Service Achievement Award." An active and dynamic public speaker, Roberts focuses on issues of leadership, women in politics, environmental stewardship, and death and grieving. She is a member of the board of trustees of Population Action International in Washington, D.C., and Innovation Partnerships in Portland. Roberts is also a member of the Advisory Councils for the Oregon League of Conservation Voters, Oregon Compassion in Dying, and the Lewis and Clark Bicentennial Celebration. Roberts also serves as the co-chairwoman for the Oregon Public Affairs Network and on the advisory committee for the Robert Straub Library at Western Oregon University. Roberts is a past board member for the Oregon Hospice Association, the Women of the West Museum in Boulder, Colo., and the Human Rights Campaign in Washington, D.C. One of Roberts’ main focuses since 2001 has been establishing and fundraising for Portland Relief Nursery, a child abuse prevention agency that will serve at-risk, low-income families in Portland’s St. John’s area. As finance chairwoman for the past two years, Roberts helped spearhead fundraising totaling more than $3 million. The center opened in October 2002 and plans to serve more than 100 families annually. Roberts’ book, Death Without Denial, Grief Without Apology: A Guide for Facing Death and Loss was published in 2002. Her book has received numerous accolades from readers and reviewers alike. The book editor for the Salem Statesman Journal, Dan Hayes, selected Roberts’ book as one of the "Top 10 Oregon Books of 2002." Hayes noted, "This book offers the gifts of comfort, compassion, wisdom, and hope. No mater what your beliefs, this book has comfort and wisdom for you." In 2002, Roberts received the "Children’s Cancer Association Award" for her book. Death Without Denial, Grief Without Apology has become a favorite among hospices, often offered to hospice families, and is now used by university classes on death and dying. Her book is now in its third printing. In 2004 Death Without Denial, Grief Without Apology was published in Japanese by President Sha Publishers of Tokyo. Presently, Roberts is working on her autobiography, which focuses on her years as governor and her unique trailblazing role as the first woman elected Governor of Oregon. Roberts was married to Oregon State Sen. Frank Roberts, who died in 1993. She has two adult sons, Mike and Mark Sanders. |
--Grabrielle Giffords
https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/i...Hk1c6SoCTAwp8w Congresswoman, recipient of Profile in Courage Award, Gun Control Advocate, Survivor. |
Shes Awsome
Amelia Earhart
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search For other uses, see Amelia Earhart (disambiguation). Page semi-protected Amelia Earhart Amelia Earhart, c. 1935 Born July 24, 1897 Atchison, Kansas, U.S. Disappeared July 2, 1937 (aged 39) Pacific Ocean, en route to Howland Island Status Declared dead in absentia January 5, 1939 (aged 41) Nationality American Known for First woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean and setting many aviation records. Spouse(s) George P. Putnam Signature Amelia Mary Earhart (/ˈɛərhɑrt/ AIR-hart; July 24, 1897 – disappeared July 2, 1937) was an American aviation pioneer and author.[1][N 1] Earhart was the first female pilot to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean.[3][N 2] She received the U.S. Distinguished Flying Cross for this record.[5] She set many other records,[2] wrote best-selling books about her flying experiences and was instrumental in the formation of The Ninety-Nines, an organization for female pilots.[6] Earhart joined the faculty of the Purdue University aviation department in 1935 as a visiting faculty member to counsel women on careers and help inspire others with her love for aviation.""" She was also a member of the National Woman's Party, and an early supporter of the Equal Rights Amendment.[7][8]""" During an attempt to make a circumnavigational flight of the globe in 1937 in a Purdue-funded Lockheed Model 10 Electra, Earhart disappeared over the central Pacific Ocean near Howland Island. Fascination with her life, career and disappearance continues to this day.[N 3] Contents 1 Early life 2 Aviation career and marriage 3 1932 transatlantic solo flight 4 Move to California 5 1937 world flight 6 Theories on Earhart's disappearance 7 Legacy 8 Popular culture 9 Records and achievements 10 Books by Earhart 11 See also 12 References 13 External links Early life Childhood Amelia Earhart as a child Amelia Mary Earhart, daughter of German American Samuel "Edwin" Stanton Earhart (born March 28, 1867) and Amelia "Amy" Otis Earhart (1869–1962),[10] was born in Atchison, Kansas, in the home of her maternal grandfather, Alfred Gideon Otis (1827–1912), a former federal judge, president of the Atchison Savings Bank and a leading citizen in the town. Amelia was the second child of the marriage, after an infant stillborn in August 1896.[11] Alfred Otis had not initially favored the marriage and was not satisfied with Edwin's progress as a lawyer.[12] Earhart was named, according to family custom, after her two grandmothers (Amelia Josephine Harres and Mary Wells Patton).[11] From an early age Earhart, nicknamed "Meeley" (sometimes "Millie") was the ringleader while younger sister (two years her junior), Grace Muriel Earhart (1899–1998), nicknamed "Pidge," acted the dutiful follower.[13] Both girls continued to answer to their childhood nicknames well into adulthood.[11] Their upbringing was unconventional since Amy Earhart did not believe in molding her children into "nice little girls."[14] Meanwhile their maternal grandmother disapproved of the "bloomers" worn by Amy's children and although Earhart liked the freedom they provided, she was aware other girls in the neighborhood did not wear them. Early influence A spirit of adventure seemed to abide in the Earhart children with the pair setting off daily to explore their neighborhood.[N 4] As a child, Earhart spent long hours playing with Pidge, climbing trees, hunting rats with a rifle and "belly-slamming" her sled downhill. Although this love of the outdoors and "rough-and-tumble" play was common to many youngsters, some biographers have characterized the young Earhart as a tomboy.[16] The girls kept "worms, moths, katydids and a tree toad"[17] in a growing collection gathered in their outings. In 1904, with the help of her uncle, she cobbled together a home-made ramp fashioned after a roller coaster she had seen on a trip to St. Louis and secured the ramp to the roof of the family toolshed. Earhart's well-documented first flight ended dramatically. She emerged from the broken wooden box that had served as a sled with a bruised lip, torn dress and a "sensation of exhilaration." She exclaimed, "Oh, Pidge, it's just like flying!"[12] Although there had been some missteps in his career up to that point, in 1907 Edwin Earhart's job as a claims officer for the Rock Island Railroad led to a transfer to Des Moines, Iowa. The next year, at the age of 10,[18] Earhart saw her first aircraft at the Iowa State Fair in Des Moines.[19][20] Her father tried to interest her and her sister in taking a flight. One look at the rickety old "flivver" was enough for Earhart, who promptly asked if they could go back to the merry-go-round.[21] She later described the biplane as "a thing of rusty wire and wood and not at all interesting."[22] Education The two sisters, Amelia and Muriel (she went by her middle name from her teens on), remained with their grandparents in Atchison, while their parents moved into new, smaller quarters in Des Moines. During this period, Earhart received a form of home-schooling together with her sister, from her mother and a governess. She later recounted that she was "exceedingly fond of reading"[23] and spent countless hours in the large family library. In 1909, when the family was finally reunited in Des Moines, the Earhart children were enrolled in public school for the first time with Amelia Earhart entering the seventh grade at the age of 12 years. Family fortunes While the family's finances seemingly improved with the acquisition of a new house and even the hiring of two servants, it soon became apparent Edwin was an alcoholic. Five years later (in 1914), he was forced to retire and although he attempted to rehabilitate himself through treatment, he was never reinstated at the Rock Island Railroad. At about this time, Earhart's grandmother Amelia Otis died suddenly, leaving a substantial estate that placed her daughter's share in trust, fearing that Edwin's drinking would drain the funds. The Otis house, and all of its contents, was auctioned; Earhart was heartbroken and later described it as the end of her childhood.[24] In 1915, after a long search, Earhart's father found work as a clerk at the Great Northern Railway in St. Paul, Minnesota, where Earhart entered Central High School as a junior. Edwin applied for a transfer to Springfield, Missouri, in 1915 but the current claims officer reconsidered his retirement and demanded his job back, leaving the elder Earhart with nowhere to go. Facing another calamitous move, Amy Earhart took her children to Chicago where they lived with friends. Earhart made an unusual condition in the choice of her next schooling; she canvassed nearby high schools in Chicago to find the best science program. She rejected the high school nearest her home when she complained that the chemistry lab was "just like a kitchen sink."[25] She eventually was enrolled in Hyde Park High School but spent a miserable semester where a yearbook caption captured the essence of her unhappiness, "A.E. – the girl in brown who walks alone."[26] Earhart graduated from Hyde Park High School in 1916.[27] Throughout her troubled childhood, she had continued to aspire to a future career; she kept a scrapbook of newspaper clippings about successful women in predominantly male-oriented fields, including film direction and production, law, advertising, management and mechanical engineering.[18] She began junior college at Ogontz School in Rydal, Pennsylvania but did not complete her program.[28][N 5] During Christmas vacation in 1917, Earhart visited her sister in Toronto. World War I had been raging and Earhart saw the returning wounded soldiers. After receiving training as a nurse's aide from the Red Cross, she began work with the Volunteer Aid Detachment at Spadina Military Hospital. Her duties included preparing food in the kitchen for patients with special diets and handing out prescribed medication in the hospital's dispensary.[29] 1918 Spanish flu pandemic When the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic reached Toronto, Earhart was engaged in arduous nursing duties including night shifts at the Spadina Military Hospital.[30][31] She became a patient herself, suffering from pneumonia and maxillary sinusitis.[30] She was hospitalized in early November 1918 owing to pneumonia and discharged in December 1918, about two months after the illness had started.[30] Her sinus-related symptoms were pain and pressure around one eye and copious mucus drainage via the nostrils and throat.[32] In the hospital, in the pre-antibiotic era, she had painful minor operations to wash out the affected maxillary sinus,[30][31][32] but these procedures were not successful and Earhart subsequently suffered from worsening headache attacks. Her convalescence lasted nearly a year, which she spent at her sister's home in Northampton, Massachusetts.[31] She passed the time by reading poetry, learning to play the banjo and studying mechanics.[30] Chronic sinusitis was to significantly affect Earhart's flying and activities in later life,[32] and sometimes even on the airfield she was forced to wear a bandage on her cheek to cover a small drainage tube.[33] Early flying experiences At about that time, with a young woman friend, Earhart visited an air fair held in conjunction with the Canadian National Exposition in Toronto. One of the highlights of the day was a flying exhibition put on by a World War I "ace."[34] The pilot overhead spotted Earhart and her friend, who were watching from an isolated clearing and dived at them. "I am sure he said to himself, 'Watch me make them scamper,'" she said. Earhart stood her ground as the aircraft came close. "I did not understand it at the time," she said, "but I believe that little red airplane said something to me as it swished by."[35] By 1919 Earhart prepared to enter Smith College but changed her mind and enrolled at Columbia University signing up for a course in medical studies among other programs.[36] She quit a year later to be with her parents who had reunited in California. L–R: Neta Snook and Amelia Earhart in front of Earhart's Kinner Airster, c. 1921 In Long Beach, on December 28, 1920, Earhart and her father visited an airfield where Frank Hawks (who later gained fame as an air racer) gave her a ride that would forever change Earhart's life. "By the time I had got two or three hundred feet off the ground," she said, "I knew I had to fly."[37] After that 10-minute flight (that cost her father $10), she immediately became determined to learn to fly. Working at a variety of jobs, including photographer, truck driver, and stenographer at the local telephone company, she managed to save $1,000 for flying lessons. Earhart had her first lessons, beginning on January 3, 1921, at Kinner Field near Long Beach, but to reach the airfield Earhart took a bus to the end of the line, then walked four miles (6 km). Earhart's mother also provided part of the $1,000 "stake" against her "better judgement."[38] Her teacher was Anita "Neta" Snook, a pioneer female aviator who used a surplus Curtiss JN-4 "Canuck" for training. Earhart arrived with her father and a singular request, "I want to fly. Will you teach me?"[39] Earhart's commitment to flying required her to accept the frequently hard work and rudimentary conditions that accompanied early aviation training. She chose a leather jacket, but aware that other aviators would be judging her, she slept in it for three nights to give the jacket a "worn" look. To complete her image transformation, she also cropped her hair short in the style of other female flyers.[40] Six months later, Earhart purchased a secondhand bright yellow Kinner Airster biplane which she nicknamed "The Canary." On October 22, 1922, Earhart flew the Airster to an altitude of 14,000 feet (4,300 m), setting a world record for female pilots. On May 15, 1923, Earhart became the 16th woman to be issued a pilot's license (#6017)[41] by t |
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I am watching a movie calked, "Beyond Belief". It is based on the true story of Susan Retik and Patricia Quigley, who both lost their husbands on September 11th, 2001.
Zimmeh |
Very interesting
http://www.quotaproject.org/
Women still constitute only 20.4% of the members of parliaments around the world. In what way can quotas contribute to the political empowerment of women? |
India
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Aung San Suu Kyi
YANGON, Myanmar (AP) — Aung San Suu Kyi was selected Sunday to continue as head of Myanmar’s main opposition party, keeping her leadership post even as the party undergoes a makeover to adjust to the country’s new democratic framework. Aung San Suu Kyi is a Burmese opposition politician and chairperson of the National League for Democracy (NLD) in Burma. In the 1990 general election, the NLD won 59% of the national votes and 81% (392 of 485) of the seats in Parliament. She had, however, already been detained under house arrest before the elections. She remained under house arrest in Burma for almost 15 of the 21 years from 20 July 1989 until her most recent release on 13 November 2010, becoming one of the world's most prominent political prisoners. Suu Kyi received the Rafto Prize and the Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought in 1990 and the Nobel Peace Prize in 1991. In 1992 she was awarded the Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding by the government of India and the International Simón Bolívar Prize from the government of Venezuela. In 2007, the Government of Canada made her an honorary citizen of that country, the fourth person ever to receive the honour. In 2011, she was awarded the Wallenberg Medal. On 19 September 2012, Aung San Suu Kyi was also presented with the Congressional Gold Medal, which is, along with the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian honour in the United States. http://www.boston.com/news/world/asi...hLM/story.html |
Joan of Arc
Every housewife who gave up the pursuit of her individual life for the life with her spouse and children. They are forgotten in the annals of great women. :balloon: |
Early modern period: 1501 to 1800
1519
Mexican Indian princess and slave Doña Marina becomes translator and mistress of Hernán Cortés as he conquers New Spain. 1528 In the Gulf of Mexico, 10 Spanish women accompany their husbands on a voyage of discovery. After the men are lost, the women search for them for a year, then settle in Veracruz. 1553 Mary Tudor becomes queen of England and has Lady Jane Grey, who had been queen for nine days, beheaded the following year. Mary's persecution of Protestants earns her the name Bloody Mary. 1558 Elizabeth I, half-sister of Mary Tudor, becomes queen of England. She brings religious tolerance for Protestants and ushers in an era of exploration. 1587 Mary, Queen of Scots, is beheaded by order of Queen Elizabeth I. 1603 Okuni, a Japanese dancer of the Izumo shrine, invents Kabuki. 1607 Pocahontas saves Jamestown colonist Captain John Smith from execution by Algonquian Chief Powhatan. 1629 Tokugawa shogun Iemitsu bans women from Kabuki theatre because it is considered immoral for women to dance in public. 1638 Anne Hutchinson is expelled from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for “traducing the ministers” of that Puritan colony. She and other religious dissenters found Rhode Island. 1642 Brilliana, Lady Harley, defends Brampton Bryan Castle from the Royalist army in her husband's absence during the English Civil Wars. 1643 Blanche, Lady Arundel, holds off the English Parliamentarian troops who attack Wardour Castle while her husband is away. 1644 On her 18th birthday, Queen Christina ascends the throne of Sweden. 1648 Margaret Brent, one of the largest landowners in Maryland, asks the Maryland Assembly for two votes, one for herself and another as Leonard Calvert's administrator and Lord Baltimore's attorney. Her request is denied. 1650 Anne Bradstreet's first volume of poems, The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America, is published in London. 1660 Mary Barrett Dyer is executed in Boston for her Quaker proselytizing. 1669 Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz enters the convent of Santa Paula in Mexico City. Her religious life allows her to dedicate herself to scholarship and lyric poetry. 1681 La Fontaine makes her debut at the Paris Opéra as the first female professional ballet dancer. 1682 Mary Rowlandson publishes A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, describing her capture by Narragansett warriors and three months of captivity. 1682 Sophia becomes regent of Russia for her brother Ivan after she leads a palace coup against their half-brother Peter, who becomes coruler. 1692 The Salem witch trials condemn 19 to die; most of the accused and the accusers are women. 1702 Queen Anne ascends the throne of England. 1704 Twenty-five Frenchwomen, called “Cassette girls,” journey to Mobile on the Gulf Coast of North America to find husbands. Initially they refuse to marry any of the colonists, because of the crude conditions they find. 1711 Queen Anne founds the Ascot races. 1715 Elizabeth Elstob publishes The Rudiments of Grammar, the first Anglo-Saxon grammar. 1718 Lady Mary Wortley Montagu advocates smallpox inoculation, which she has seen in Constantinople. 1725 Catherine I becomes ruler of Russia on the death of her husband, Peter the Great. 1741 Elizabeth Lucas Pinckney introduces indigo cultivation in South Carolina; by 1742 she has a successful crop. 1748 Italian mathematician Maria Gaetana Agnesi publishes Instituzioni analitiche ad uso della gioventù italiana (“Analytical Institutions for the Use of Italian Youth”). 1750 Hannah Snell publishes The Female Soldier, an account of her exploits in the British army fighting against the supporters of Bonnie Prince Charlie as well as her years as a marine in India. 1762 Sophie Friederike Auguste, princess von Anhalt-Zerbst, ascends the Russian throne as Catherine II several months after forcing her husband, Peter III, to abdicate. She rules as an “enlightened despot” until 1796. 1770 Phillis Wheatley, the first African American woman poet of note in the United States, publishes her first poem, An Elegiac Poem, on the Death of the Celebrated Divine…George Whitefield. 1774 Joining many other colonial women boycotting British goods, 51 women in Edenton, North Carolina, sign a petition endorsing the Nonimportation Association resolves. 1776 Ann Lee founds the parent Shaker settlement in America in the woods of Niskeyuna, New York. 1778 On June 28, Mary McCauly (“Molly Pitcher”), wife of an American gunner, brings water to the troops at the Battle of Monmouth Court House. Legend claims that she takes her husband's place after he collapses. 1778 Laura Bassi, author of De problemate quodam mechanico and De problemate quodam hydrometrico and the first woman professor of physics (at the University of Bologna), dies. 1782 Deborah Sampson, disguised as a man, enlists in the 4th Massachusetts Regiment as Robert Shurtleff. She is one of many women who fight in the American Revolution. 1783 German-born British astronomer Caroline Herschel discovers three nebulae. 1783 Catherine II (the Great) of Russia makes Yekaterina Dashkova the first president of the newly founded Russian Academy, which promotes the study and use of the Russian language. 1789 More than 8,000 Parisian market women march to Versailles and present their demands, which include more affordable bread, to the National Assembly and the king. c. 1790 In the United States, the Second Great Awakening begins; significantly more women than men participate in this wave of religious revival. 1791 French activist Olympia de Gouges publishes Déclaration des droits de la femme et de la citoyenne (“Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the [Female] Citizen”), in which she argues that women are citizens as much as are men. She goes to the guillotine in 1793. 1792 Englishwoman Mary Wollstonecraft publishes A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. 1793 Four years after the start of the French Revolution, queen consort Marie-Antoinette is guillotined. 1793 Hannah Slater receives the first U.S. patent granted to a woman, for a type of cotton thread. Her invention helps her husband build a successful textile business. 1795 Anne Parrish founds the House of Industry, which provides employment to poor women. It is the first American charitable organization operated by women for women. 1800 The United States logs the highest birth rate in the world, 7.04 children per woman. |
Victoria Claflin Woodhull, later Victoria Woodhull Martin, (Sept 23,1838–June 9,1927)was an American leader of the woman's suffrage movement. Woodhull was an advocate of free love, by which she meant the freedom to marry, divorce, and bear children without government interference. She was the first woman to start a weekly newspaper; an activist for women's rights and labor reforms. She was the first woman candidate for President of the United States, the newly formed Equal Rights Party on May 10,1872. |
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Frances Power Cobbe -Frances Power Cobbe (4 December 1822 – 5 April 1904) was an Irish writer, social reformer, anti-vivisection activist, and leading suffragette. She founded a number of animal advocacy groups, including the National Anti-Vivisection Society (NAVS) in 1875, and the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV) in 1898, and was a member of the executive council of the London National Society for Women's Suffrage (Irish Feminism) |
The spread of industrialization: 1801 to 1860
1803
Parliament passes the first British abortion law, prohibiting abortion after quickening. 1804 The Napoleonic Code of France considers women—like criminals, children, and the insane—to be legal minors. A woman's husband controls her property and, in the case of divorce, gets the children. 1804 Native American Sacagawea, whose husband is a member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, serves as a guide and interpreter for the group. 1805 Mercy Otis Warren publishes her influential History of the Rise, Progress, and Termination of the American Revolution, drawing in part on personal knowledge of the prominent figures of the time. 1807 New Jersey revokes the right of women to vote, a right they had been granted since the adoption of the constitution of New Jersey in 1776. 1813 In England, Elizabeth Fry advocates reform of Newgate Prison, in which 300 women and children are housed under appalling conditions. 1816 Nanny Grigg, a slave in Barbados, plays a significant role in the island's only serious slave rebellion. 1817 The South African warrior queen Mmanthatisi becomes the leader of the Tlokwa (a southern Sotho group). She plans military strategy and leads the nation to a new homeland in Lesotho. 1821 Colombian women gain the right to attend university. 1821 Emma Willard opens the Troy Female Seminary in New York and begins teaching a rigorous curriculum to girls. 1825 Frances Wright founds a utopian community at Nashoba, Tennessee, trying to put into practice her ideas for gradual emancipation of slaves. The plantation fails but attracts wide publicity. 1833 Lydia Maria Child publishes An Appeal in Favor of That Class of Americans Called Africans, arguing for the abolition of slavery. 1833 Lord Byron's daughter, Augusta Ada King, countess of Lovelace, begins studying Charles Babbage's “difference engine.” She becomes, arguably, the world's first computer programmer. More than a century later the computer language Ada is named for her. 1833 Oberlin Collegiate Institute (later Oberlin College) is founded in Ohio as the first American college to admit men and women on an equal basis. 1834 In Lowell, Massachusetts, women mill workers stage a successful strike to reverse a 25 percent cut in their pay. 1835 Marie Tussaud establishes her collection of wax figures in a permanent location on Baker Street in London. 1837 The first Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women is held in New York City. 1837 Victoria ascends the throne of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. 1840 Female delegates are refused admittance to the World's Anti-Slavery Convention in London. This event leads Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton to call the first women's rights convention. 1841 Australian philanthropist Caroline Chisholm founds the Female Immigrants' Home in Sydney to assist poor women in finding work. 1843 The reports of American Dorothea Dix to the Massachusetts legislature about the conditions in prisons for the insane lead to reform. 1844 The English Factory Act establishes the 12-hour workday for female factory workers. 1845 Swedish women win equal rights of inheritance. 1848 The Seneca Falls Convention is held and launches the woman suffrage movement in the United States. The document produced is the Declaration of Sentiments, patterned after the Declaration of Independence. 1849 Harriet Tubman escapes from slavery in Maryland to Philadelphia. By the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, Tubman will have returned to the South some 19 times and rescued upward of 300 other slaves. 1849 Elizabeth Blackwell becomes the first modern-day woman doctor of medicine in the United States. 1851 African American evangelist and reformer Sojourner Truth gives her famous speech in defense of the rights of black women, “Ain't I a Woman?” 1851 The new Guatemalan constitution grants full citizenship to financially independent women. 1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe publishes Uncle Tom's Cabin, one of the most important antislavery novels in America; it sells 300,000 copies in the first year. 1853 Antoinette Brown Blackwell becomes a Congregational minister and is the first woman ordained by a recognized denomination in the United States. 1853 Queen Victoria is administered chloroform during the delivery of her eighth child. Her approval and recommendation of it popularizes use of the anesthetic. 1854 Florence Nightingale begins nursing casualties during the Crimean War and effectively establishes nursing as a profession for women. Her efforts help reduce the death rate from combat injuries from 42 percent to 2.2 percent. 1860 Elizabeth Palmer Peabody founds the first English-language kindergarten in the United States. |
Elizabeth "Bessie" Coleman (Jan 26, 1892–April 30, 1926) an American civil aviator, was the first female pilot of African American descent and the first person of African American descent to hold an international pilot license. Stagecoach” Mary Fields (c. 1832-1914) was born a slave in Tennessee and following the Civil War, she moved to the pioneer community of Cascade, Montana. In 1895, when she was around 60 years old, Fields became the second woman and first African American carrier for the US Postal Service. Despite her age, she never missed a day of work in the ten years she carried the mail and earned the nickname “Stagecoach” for her reliability. |
Suffrage and social reform: 1861 to 1908
1862
In Sweden, single women who pay taxes win the right to vote in municipal elections. 1863 Mary Edwards Walker becomes a surgeon for the Union army in the American Civil War. In 1865 she receives a Congressional Medal of Honor. It is revoked shortly before her death and then reawarded posthumously. c. 1863 More than 2,000 warriors form the Dahomey women's army, all of them technically wives of the king. Using bows, guns, and knives, they fight to capture prisoners. 1865 Sarah Edmonds publishes her autobiography, Nurse and Spy in the Union Army, describing her undercover work disguised as a man named Frank Thompson. 1865 The University of Zürich becomes the first European university to admit women. 1867 In Britain, the first petition for woman suffrage is presented to Parliament. 1867 In St. Andrews, Scotland, the Ladies' Golf Club is founded. 1868 In Thailand, Amdang Munan refuses to marry the man her parents picked for her. She prevails upon the king to rule that women may choose their own husbands. 1869 Married women in Britain gain the right to own property. 1869 Iowan Arabella Mansfield is the first woman admitted to the bar in the United States. 1869 Americans Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony found the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA). 1869 Lucy Stone and Henry Blackwell help found the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA). 1872 Charlotte E. Ray, the first African American woman lawyer, becomes the first woman admitted to the bar in the District of Columbia. 1872 In Japan, primary education for girls as well as boys is required by law. 1872 Susan B. Anthony leads 15 women to vote in Rochester, New York. She is arrested two weeks later. 1874 The Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) is founded. 1876 Tokyo Women's Normal School trains women as elementary teachers. 1877 Eudora Clark Atkinson is the first woman superintendent of the first women's state reformatory in the United States. 1877 Chilean women are allowed to attend university. 1877 Mother Jones helps lead the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, railroad strike. 1879 American Mary Baker Eddy heads the newly created First Church of Christ, Scientist. c. 1880 Paiute Indian leader Sarah Winnemucca protests conditions on Indian reservations. 1881 In the United States the Indian Treaty-Keeping and Protective Association (later Women's National Indian Association) is founded by Mary Lucinda Bonney and Amelia Stone Quinton. 1881 Clara Barton establishes the American branch of the Red Cross and becomes its first president. 1881 Sofya Perovskaya helps to plan the assassination of Tsar Alexander II. She is arrested, tried, found guilty, and executed. 1881 Helen Hunt Jackson publishes A Century of Dishonor, a profound condemnation of the treatment of Native Americans by the United States. 1884 Wimbledon holds its first women's singles championship; Maud Watson wins. 1886 Women in Palestine agitate for the right to vote. 1886 Anandibai Joshee is the first Indian woman to earn a medical degree. 1889 Journalist Nellie Bly sets off around the world to beat the fictional record of Phileas Fogg. 1889 Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr found Hull House in Chicago. It is one of the first settlement houses in the United States and the most famous. 1889 Wyoming, a U.S. territory, approves a constitution that is the first in the world to grant full voting rights to women. 1890 The Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) is founded. 1890 Alice Stone Blackwell and others oversee the merger of two older organizations to form the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA). 1891 Liliuokalani becomes queen of Hawaii. 1892 Belgian activist Marie Popelin helps found the Belgian League of Women's Rights. 1892 Journalist Ida Wells-Barnett begins her campaign against lynching. Her newspaper offices are burned, and she is driven out of Memphis, Tennessee. 1892 The Royal Geographical Society admits Isabella Bird Bishop, its first female member. 1892 In Massachusetts, Senda Berenson introduces basketball at Smith College for women. 1 893 Largely through the efforts of suffragist Kate Sheppard, New Zealand becomes the first country to grant women the right to vote. 1893 In New York, Lillian D. Wald and Mary M. Brewster found the Henry Street Settlement on Manhattan's Lower East Side. It will become the home of the first visiting nurse organization. 1893 The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine opens in Baltimore, Maryland. The women's committee that funds the school insists that men and women be admitted equally. \ 1896 In Zimbabwe, legends hold, the ancestral spirit Ambuya Nehanda enters the body of a woman, who then starts a revolt against the British. 1896 The U.S. Geological Survey hires its first woman, geologist Florence Bascom. 1897 Queen Victoria celebrates her Diamond Jubilee, commemorating 60 years as Great Britain's monarch. 1897 Americans Alice McLellan Birney and Phoebe Apperson Hearst found the National Congress of Mothers, later called the Parent-Teacher Association (PTA). 1 898 Charlotte Perkins Gilman writes Women and Economics. She argues that the lost talent of women hampers the entire economy. 1898 The Chinese dowager empress Cixi regains power from the emperor. In 1900 she supports the Boxer Rebellion against the foreign powers. 1899 Kansan Carry Nation begins her campaign to close saloons, physically attacking bars with her hatchet. 1899 Korean women organize Yo-u-hoe, the Association of Women Friends, to fight against concubinage. 1899 Florence Kelley and the National Consumers League campaign against child labour and sweatshops and in favour of minimum wage legislation, shorter hours, improved conditions, and safety laws. 1900 Efficiency expert and industrial psychologist Lillian Moller (later Gilbreth) becomes the first female commencement speaker at the University of California at Berkeley. 1900 British tennis player Charlotte Cooper wins the first women's gold medal at the Olympics. 1900 Doctor Yoshioka Yayoi founds Japan's first medical school for women. 1901 Japan's Women's College is founded in Tokyo. Many of the women who graduate help to establish feminism in Japan. 1902 Ida M. Tarbell begins publishing The History of the Standard Oil Company in McClure's Magazine. Her exposé will contribute to the breakup of the company by a U.S. Supreme Court order in 1911. 1902 With the passage of the Midwives Act, the British Parliament requires midwives to be licensed. 1903 Mary Morton Kimball Kehew, Mary Kenney O'Sullivan, Jane Addams, and other middle-class reformers found the Women's Trade Union League (WTUL) in order to help working women organize. 1904 In French law, women are no longer permanent minors. 1904 Lillian D. Wald, Florence Kelley, and other reformers establish the National Child Labor Committee to work for legislation prohibiting child labour in the United States. 1904 Helen Keller, who is deaf and blind, graduates cum laude from Radcliffe College. 1905 English socialist economist Beatrice Webb becomes a member of the Royal Commission on the Poor Laws. 1905 Mohtaram Eskandari starts the Union of Patriotic Women, Iran's first organization for women. Religious leaders break up the first meeting and burn some of the women alive. 1906 Women in Finland win the right to vote. 1906 Russian revolutionary Mariya Spiridonova assassinates General Luzhenovsky. 1906 Anarchist Emma Goldman begins publishing Mother Earth magazine. 1907 Miina Sillanpää is elected to the Finnish Parliament. 1907 Margaret Slocum Sage donates $10 million to endow the Russell Sage Foundation to sponsor research to improve social conditions in the United States. 1908 Hannah Kent Schoff organizes the International Conference on Child Welfare in Washington, D.C. 1908 A group of women storm the British Parliament demanding suffrage. Twenty-four of them are arrested. 1908 In Muller v. State of Oregon the U.S. Supreme Court sustains a state law limiting the workday for Oregon's women workers to 10 hours. 1908 The government of Iran institutes a plan to improve women's literacy. |
Loretta Perfectus Walsh (April 22, 1896 – August 6, 1925) became the first American active-duty Navy woman, and the first woman allowed to serve as a woman, in any of the United States armed forces other than as a nurse, when she enlisted in the U.S. Naval Reserve on March 17, 1917. Walsh subsequently became the first woman Navy petty officer when she was sworn in as Chief Yeoman on March 21, 1917. Marie Bottineau Baldwin (1863-1952) was a Chippewa attorney. Marie was the first Native American student and first woman of color to graduate from the Washington College of Law. Today the Women’s Law Association at her alma mater funds a scholarship in her name. Following law school, Marie worked for the Bureau of Indian Affairs and was treasurer the Society of American Indians. Rebecca Latimer Felton (June 10, 1835 – January 24, 1930) was an American writer, lecturer, reformer, and politician who became the first woman to serve in the United States Senate. She was the most prominent woman in Georgia in the Progressive Era, and was honored by appointment to the Senate; she was sworn in on November 21, 1922, and served one day, the shortest serving Senator in U.S. history. At 87 years old, 9 months and 22 days, she was also the oldest freshman senator to enter the Senate |
Gloria Anzaldua
http://www.warscapes.com/sites/defau...ua-small_0.jpg Gloria Anzaldua was a groundbreaking poet and cultural theorist, self-described Chicana/Tejana/lesbian/feminist/poet/writer. |
Early 20th century: 1909 to 1929
1909
The Sri Lanka Tamil Women's Union is created. 1909 Aleksandra Kollontay publishes The Social Foundations of the Women's Question while in exile from Russia. 1909 Mary White Ovington and Ida B. Wells-Barnett help found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). 1909 In New York, shirtwaist workers go on strike. The International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU) and the Women's Trade Union League (WTUL) work together in support of the strike. 1911 Imprisoned British suffragists stage hunger strikes. 1911 Marie Curie is awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for the isolation of pure radium. 1911 Journalist and publisher Kalliroe Parren establishes the Lyceum of Greek Women. 1911 The Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire in New York City kills 146 workers, most of them young immigrant women. They were unable to escape because the exit doors had been locked to prevent theft. 1912 Juliette Gordon Low founds the Girl Guides (later Girl Scouts) in the United States. By 1927 there will be a troop in every state. 1913 Norwegian women win the right to vote. 1913 English suffragist Emmeline Pankhurst is arrested for conspiracy to blow up David Lloyd George's home. While in jail, she goes on a hunger strike. 1913 In Washington, D.C., Alice Paul and the National American Woman Suffrage Association organize a huge march on the Capitol the day before President Woodrow Wilson's inauguration. 1914 In Russia, Princess Eugenie Shakhovskaya is the first female military pilot. She flies reconnaissance missions. 1914 American activist Margaret Sanger is indicted under the Comstock Act for distributing a birth control pamphlet titled Family Limitation. 1915 Danish women win the right to vote. 1915 Carrie Chapman Catt and Jane Addams combine several American pacifist organizations to create the Women's Peace Party. 1915 The International Congress of Women meets at The Hague to consider ways to end World War I. 1916 The British government recruits 400,000 women to work in agriculture while men are at war. 1916 Jeannette Rankin is elected to Congress from Montana; she is the first female member of the U.S. House of Representatives. 1916 María Jesús Alvarado Rivera establishes Evolución Femenina, Peru's first women's organization. 1917 Soon after coming to power in Russia, the Bolsheviks reform marriage laws, create maternity leave, and establish equal employment and wages. 1917 Laws passed in Cuba protect women's custody of children, divorce rights, and property rights. 1917 The U.S. Navy hires 12,000 women as clerks in the same job classifications and for the same pay as men so that it can send men overseas. 1917 Feminist Kimura Komako organizes the first Japanese woman suffrage meeting. 1917 On March 8, Russian women strike for “bread and peace,” helping spark the revolution that overthrows the imperial government. The date is later chosen to mark International Women's Day. 1918 Canadian and British women are granted the right to vote, although in Great Britain a woman must be over age 30. 1918 The Indian National Congress endorses giving women the right to vote. 1918 Peruvians pass a law granting working women two hours a day to nurse their infants. 1918 The U.S. government reports that 1.4 million women work in war industries. After World War I these women are forced out of industrial work. 1918 British birth-control activist Marie Stopes publishes the controversial and best-selling books Married Love and Wise Parenthood. 1919 Lady Astor becomes the first female member of the British House of Commons. 1919 The Treaty of Versailles includes a requirement that women receive equal pay. The clause is universally ignored. 1920 In Chile the National Council of Women is created to agitate for women's rights. 1920 In Japan, Hiratsuka Raicho, Oku Mumeo, and Ichikawa Fusae found the Shin Fujin Kyokai (“Association of New Women”) to work for women's unions and equal rights. 1920 The Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is signed into law, giving women the right to vote. 1920 Despite death threats from the Ku Klux Klan, Mary McLeod Bethune begins a voter registration drive for African American women. 1920 Edith Eder from Hungary, Rebecca Sieff from Britain, and Vera Weizmann from Russia found the Women's International Zionist Organization (WIZO). 1920 The University of Oxford admits its first full-degree female students. 1920 Joan of Arc is canonized. 1921 Agnes McPhail becomes the first female Canadian member of Parliament. 1921 Grace Abbott becomes head of the United States Children's Bureau. She works for better health care for children and mothers as well as laws against child labour. 1921 The German Nazi Party excludes women from membership. 1921 Margaret Sanger founds the American Birth Control League, which later becomes the Planned Parenthood Federation of America. 1922 Bertha Lutz founds the Brazilian Federation for the Advancement of Women. 1922 Rebecca Ann Latimer Felton becomes the first woman to serve in the U.S. Senate. She serves only two days. 1923 Egyptian feminist Huda Shaarawi publicly unveils and inspires many other women to do the same. 1924 Chinese women demonstrate when Sun Yat-sen's National Congress denies them suffrage. 1925 The first women's college in Korea, Ewha Womans College (founded 1886), is accredited. 1926 New Argentine legislation gives women equality under the civil code. 1927 Norwegian-born figure skater Sonja Henie wins her first world amateur championship. She goes on to win the next nine world championships and gold medals at the Olympics in 1928, 1932, and 1936. 1929 Margaret Grace Bondfield is named minister of labour and becomes the first British female cabinet minister. 1929 Virginia Woolf publishes A Room of One's Own. |
Poker Alice (Alice Ivers Duffield Tubbs Huckert) (February 17, 1851 - February 27, 1930), was the best known female poker player in the American West. When she was twenty, the petite, attractive Alice married the mining engineer and avid gambler Frank Duffield. Alice joined her husband on his gambling excursions and quickly learned to master both poker and faro. When Frank was killed in an explosion, Alice began to earn her livelihood as a professional gambler. Alice died at the age of 79. Virne Beatrice "Jackie" Mitchell Gilbert (Aug 29,1912,13or14–Jan 7,1987) was one of the first female pitchers in professional baseball history.Pitching for the Chattanooga Lookouts Class AA minor league baseball team in an exhibition game against the New York Yankees, she struck out Babe Ruth and Lou Gehrig. A few days after Mitchell struck out Ruth and Gehrig, baseball commissioner Kenesaw Landis voided her contract and declared women unfit to play baseball as the game was "too strenuous". |
Economic and political upheaval: 1930 to 1945
1930
White South African women get the right to vote. 1930 Ellen Church becomes the first airline stewardess. 1931 Jane Addams receives the Nobel Prize for Peace. 1932 Women of Brazil and Thailand are granted the right to vote. 1932 Amelia Earhart becomes the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic. 1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt appoints Frances Perkins secretary of labor, and she becomes the first American female cabinet member. 1933 Portugal's new constitution specifically denies women's equal rights. 1933 In Nazi Germany, girls are inducted into the Jungmädel (“Young Maidens”) and Bund Deutscher Mädel (“League of German Girls”). The organizations stress the importance of virtue and motherhood. 1933 American author Gertrude Stein publishes The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas. 1933 In Italy, Mussolini rewards women who have more than 14 children. 1934 African American author Zora Neale Hurston publishes her first book, Jonah's Gourd Vine. 1934 Cuban law requires equal pay for equal work. 1935 Anthropologist Margaret Mead publishes Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies, challenging Western assumptions about gender relations. 1936 British pilot Beryl Markham becomes the first person to fly solo across the Atlantic from east to west. 1937 Women in the Philippines get the right to vote. 1937 The American Medical Association recognizes birth control as a legitimate topic for medical school classes. 1938 In France, women are admitted into unarmed military divisions. 1939 Marian Anderson gives a concert to an audience of 75,000 at the Lincoln Memorial after the Daughters of the American Revolution prevent her from singing at Constitution Hall because of her race. 1940 Margaret Chase Smith is elected to fill her late husband's seat in the U.S. Congress; she becomes the first woman to serve in the House of Representatives and the Senate. 1940 The U.S. Republican Party comes out in support of the Equal Rights Amendment. 1941 The Soviet Union creates three all-female pilot regiments. The most highly decorated is the 586th Women's Fighter Regiment. 1941 Pacifist Jeannette Rankin places the only congressional vote against U.S. entry into World War II. 1942 American women enlist in two newly created military bodies, the Women's Army Corps (WAC) and Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES). 1942 Elise Richter, the first female professor in Austria and a noted linguist, is deported to the Nazi concentration camp at Theresienstadt, where she later dies. 1943 The All-American Girls Professional Baseball League is founded by Chicago Cubs owner Philip Wrigley. 1943 More than 310,000 women take jobs in the U.S. aircraft industry. Wartime propaganda urges women to join the labour force for the duration of World War II. 1943 Physicist Elda Emma Anderson is recruited to work at Los Alamos on the development of the atomic bomb. 1944 Indian Muslim Noor un Nissa, the first British secret agent in the Nazi Party, is shot by the Gestapo. 1945 Diarist Anne Frank dies in the Nazi concentration camp at Bergen-Belsen. Two years later her father publishes her diary of their years spent in hiding. 1945 Eleanor Roosevelt becomes a delegate to the newly created United Nations. 1945 More than six million American women who entered the workforce during World War II are pushed out of their traditionally male jobs at war's end. |
Mary McLeod Bethune (1873-1955) was... a graduate of Moody Bible Institute, she opened a school for black girls.... From 1935-1944 she was a special advisor on minority affairs" to FDR. "She was the first black woman to head a federal agency." She also worked as a "consultant on interracial affairs" for the United Nations. Mary founded the "National Council Youth Administration of Negro Women and was director of Negro Affairs for the National Youth Administration." Susanna "Dora" Salter, born on 3/2/1860. In 1887, at age 27, she was elected Mayor of Argonia, Kansas, becoming the 1st woman mayor and the 1st woman elected to political office in the United States. |
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Remember this lady? I didn't either. Irena Sendler Died: May 12, 2008 (aged 98) Warsaw, Poland During WWII, Irena, got permission to work in the Warsaw ghetto, as a Plumbing/Sewer specialist. She had an ulterior motive. Irena smuggled Jewish infants out in the bottom of the tool box she carried. She also carried a burlap sack in the back of her truck, for larger kids. Irena kept a dog in the back that she trained to bark when the Nazi soldiers let her in and out of the ghetto. The soldiers, of course, wanted nothing to do with the dog and the barking covered the kids/infants noises. During her time of doing this, she managed to smuggle out and save 2500 kids/infants. Ultimately, she was caught, however, and the Nazi's broke both of her legs and arms and beat her severely. Irena kept a record of the names of all the kids she had smuggled out, In a glass jar that she buried under a tree in her back yard. After the war, she tried to locate any parents that may have survived and tried to reunite the family. Most had been gassed. Those kids she helped got placed into foster family homes or adopted. In 2007 Irena was up for the Nobel Peace Prize. She was not selected. Al Gore won, for a slide show on Global Warming. Please share this to honor the sacrifice and courage of this fine human being who gave so much and saved so many. http://www.irenasendler.org/ |
Postwar growth and social reform: 1946 to 1974
1946
Sudan's first modern women's organization, the Sudanese Women's League, is founded. 1947 The new Japanese constitution guarantees women's equality. 1947 The U.S. Congress passes the Army-Navy Nurse Act, creating permanent commissions for military nurses. The first officer commissioned is Florence Blanchfield. 1948 In the newly created countries of Israel and South Korea, women win the right to vote. 1949 Argentinian Eva Perón founds the Peronista Feminist Party. 1949 French feminist Simone de Beauvoir publishes the controversial and influential Le Deuxième Sexe (The Second Sex). 1950 Harvard Law School admits women. 1950 The U.S. Census Bureau recognizes a woman's right to continue to use her maiden name after marriage. 1951 The Women's Equal Rights Act, which prohibits gender discrimination, is passed in Israel. 1952 Chilean Ana Figueroa becomes the first woman on the United Nations Security Council. 1953 In Westminster Abbey, Elizabeth II is crowned queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 1954 Colombian women are granted the right to vote. 1955 Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat on a bus to a white man. Her arrest for this act sparks the Montgomery bus boycott. 1956 Golda Meir becomes the only woman in the Israeli cabinet when she is made minister of foreign affairs. 1958 The British House of Lords admits its first female members. 1961 Eleanor Roosevelt chairs U.S. President John F. Kennedy's Commission on the Status of Women. 1961 Paraguay is the last republic in the Americas to give women the right to vote. 1961 Wilma Rudolph runs the 100-metre dash in 11.2 seconds, thereby setting a a new world record for the event. 1961 American women organized by Women Strike for Peace stage a one-day strike asking the government to “End the Arms Race, Not the Human Race.” 1962 American biologist Rachel Carson publishes Silent Spring. 1963 Russian cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova becomes the first woman in space. 1963 American feminist Betty Friedan publishes her highly influential The Feminine Mystique. 1963 Ellen Ash Peters becomes the first woman to be granted tenure at Yale Law School. 1964 The U.S. Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination in employment on the basis of race, creed, national origin, or sex. 1965 The U.S. Supreme Court rules in Griswold v. State of Connecticut that laws prohibiting the use of birth control are unconstitutional. 1966 Betty Friedan and other delegates to the Third National Conference of the Commission on the Status of Women establish the National Organization for Women (NOW). 1966 Indira Gandhi wins leadership of the Congress Party and becomes the first female prime minister of India. 1967 Muriel Siebert becomes the first woman to own a seat on the New York Stock Exchange. 1968 Nguyen Thi Binh, a member of the Central Committee of the National Liberation Front, leads the Vietnamese delegation to the Paris Peace Conference. 1968 Japanese writer Ishimure Michiko starts a movement against pollution by publishing Kukai jodo (“Sea of Suffering”), documenting the damage done by dumping mercury into Minamata Bay. 1969 In Ecuador a “malaria control” program is used as a cover to sterilize peasant women. 1969 Golda Meir becomes the first female prime minister of Israel. 1970 Marie Cox founds the North American Indian Women's Association, the first national Native American women's group. 1970 The Boston Women's Health Book Collective publishes Our Bodies, Ourselves. 1971 The National Commission on the Status of Women in India is created. 1971 Helga Pederson of Denmark becomes the first female judge on the European Court of Human Rights. 1971 Women in Switzerland win the right to vote. 1972 The U.S. Senate approves the Equal Rights Amendment and sends it to the states for ratification. 1972 The National Conference of Puerto Rican Women is founded. 1973 American tennis champion Billie Jean King defeats champion player Bobby Riggs in a “Battle of the Sexes” match. 1973 Jordanian women are granted the right to vote. 1973 Mothers of Nicaraguan political prisoners go on a hunger strike. 1973 The U.S. Supreme Court rules in Roe v. Wade that a woman has a constitutional right to abortion. 1974 The U.S. Merchant Marine Academy becomes the first U.S. service academy to enroll women. |
http://media-cache-is0.pinimg.com/19...9f253d688f.jpg A graduate of the U.S. Air Force Academy, Lt. Col. Nicole Malachowski has flown the F-15E as a member of five different fighter squadrons since 1999. Here, she shares her experience as the first female Thunderbird pilot, serving as a White House Fellow and being the commander of the largest fighter training unit in the Air Force. http://media-cache-ec5.pinterest.com...094f00e79e.jpg Katrina Hodge: Corporal in the British Army & Miss England '09. She enlisted in the army on a dare from her brother & was nicknamed Combat Barbie after showing up to her unit wearing fake eyelashes, heels, & carrying a pink suitcase. While serving in Iraq, she saved the lives of her comrades by wresting not 1 but 2 rifles from a prisoner, then knocking him out w/ her bare hands. After winning the Miss England contest in 2009, she handed over the crown & returned to military service. |
Postindustrial advances: 1975 to present
1975
The U.S. Supreme Court rules that women cannot be excluded from juries because of their sex. 1975 The World Congress for International Women's Year opens in Berlin. 1976 Barbara Jordan, the first African American woman elected to Congress from the Deep South, becomes the first African American and the first woman to give the keynote speech at the Democratic National Convention. 1976 Labour minister Tina Anselmi becomes the first woman in the Italian cabinet. 1976 Betty Williams and Mairéad Corrigan-Maguire, founders of the Northern Ireland Peace Movement (later Community of Peace People), are awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace. The joint Catholic-Protestant group is formed after three children are killed during fighting between British soldiers and the Irish Republican Army (IRA). 1977 Canadian law prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex or marital status. 1977 Nigerian women are granted the right to vote. 1977 In Saudi Arabia, Princess Misha'al is accused of adultery and executed. 1977 Salvadoran women establish the Committee of Mothers of Political Prisoners and Frente Femenino (“Women's Front”). 1977 Roman women demonstrate against rape, beginning a campaign to change rape laws. 1977 The mothers of Argentine “disappeared” political prisoners begin a series of vigils. 1978 Kuwaiti women successfully demonstrate against a proposed law prohibiting women from working in offices. 1978 Mary Douglas Leakey discovers footprints of early hominids at Laetoli, Tanzania. Her find causes a revision of the date at which humans became bipedal. 1979 Margaret Thatcher becomes the first female prime minister of Great Britain. 1979 The First Congress of São Paolo Women starts the Brazilian day-care movement. 1980 New guidelines from the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission prohibit sexual harassment. 1980 Three thousand women in Gdansk, Poland, defy tanks to pass out flowers and Solidarity literature. 1981 Sandra Day O'Connor becomes the first woman justice to sit on the U.S. Supreme Court. 1982 Twenty thousand British women protest the placement of cruise and Pershing missiles at Greenham Common. 1983 Iranian women are required to wear the chador; the penalty for appearing unveiled is a prison sentence of 1 to 12 months. 1985 Chilean women demonstrate in Santiago against the repression of General Augusto Pinochet. 1986 The U.S. Supreme Court upholds affirmative action on the basis of race or gender. 1988 Benazir Bhutto becomes prime minister of Pakistan. She is the first woman leader of a Muslim country in modern history. 1989 American Barbara Clementine Harris becomes the first female Episcopal bishop. 1989 Canadian women gain access to all combat posts in the military (except submarine duty) because of a lawsuit filed in 1981. 1990 A group of Saudi Arabian women drive cars in Riyadh to protest laws preventing them from operating motor vehicles. They are briefly imprisoned and suspended from their jobs. 1990 Violeta Barrios de Chamorro is elected president of Nicaragua. She is Central America's first female president. 1991 The Nobel Prize for Peace is awarded to Burmese opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi. 1992 The Irish vote to allow free access to abortion information and affirm a woman's right to go abroad to obtain an abortion. 1993 Janet Reno becomes the first female U.S. attorney general. 1993 Tansu Ciller becomes Turkey's first female prime minister. 1993 Kim Campbell becomes Canada's first female prime minister. 1994 Takahashi Hisako becomes the first woman justice on Japan's Supreme Court. 1995 The United Nations' Fourth World Conference on Women meets in Beijing. 1996 In Afghanistan the ruling Taliban government places strict restrictions on women, forbidding them from receiving an education and working outside the home. 1996 A report on female genital mutilation urges international action to end the ancient rite of passage that has already been performed on roughly 100 million girls worldwide. 1998 Sonia Gandhi, the Italian-born widow of former Indian prime minister Rajiv Gandhi, is unanimously elected to lead India's Congress Party. 1999 Mireya Moscoso becomes Panama's first female president and in December oversees the U.S. handover of the Panama Canal. 2000 Beverley McLachlin becomes Canada's first female chief justice of the Supreme Court. Some 70 years earlier the same court had ruled that women were not “persons.” 2000 Tarja Halonen becomes Finland's first woman president. 2000 At the Sydney Olympics, American athlete Marion Jones becomes the first woman to win five medals in track-and-field events at a single Games. She is stripped of her medals in 2007 after she acknowledges her use of banned substances. 2000 Sirimavo R.D. Bandaranaike of Sri Lanka, the world's first female prime minister, retires. 2001 Hillary Rodham Clinton is sworn in as a U.S. senator from New York, becoming the first former first lady to win elected office. 2001 Katharine Graham, former publisher of The Washington Post, dies. She was the first woman to head a Fortune 500 company and at one time was considered the most powerful woman in the United States. 2001 Voters in Bahrain approve a referendum that includes the right of women to stand for office. 2002 Britain's Queen Elizabeth II celebrates her Golden Jubilee, marking 50 years on the throne. 2003 A Nigerian appeals court overturns a sentence of death by stoning in the adultery case of Amina Lawal. 2004 Kenyan environmental activist Wangari Maathai is awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace, becoming the first black African woman to win a Nobel Prize. 2005 In Ireland the McCartney sisters make a public issue of their brother's murder, spurring international criticism of the Irish Republican Army (IRA). 2005 Kuwaiti women are granted the right to vote (effective 2007). 2006 Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf is inaugurated as Liberia's first woman president. 2007 California congresswoman Nancy Pelosi becomes the first woman to serve as speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. 2007 Pratibha Patil becomes the first woman president of India. 2007 Former Pakistani prime minister Benazir Bhutto is assassinated shortly after her return to Pakistan following eight years of self-imposed exile. 2007 For the first time in UN peacekeeping history, an all-female unit is deployed. Comprising more than 100 Indian policewomen, the force is sent to Liberia to train police and assist with local elections and prison security. 2008 Gen. Ann Dunwoody becomes the first woman to serve as a four-star general in the United States. 2009 Michelle Obama becomes the first African American first lady when her husband, Barack Obama, is sworn in as the 44th president of the United States. 2009 Sonia Sotomayor is sworn in as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court; she is the first Hispanic and the third woman to serve on the court. 2009 A U.S. government panel announces that women who are not at an increased risk of breast cancer should begin receiving regular mammograms at age 50, rather than 40 as had been previously recommended. 2010 Elena Kagan becomes an associate justice of the Supreme Court. 2010 The University of Connecticut's women's basketball team wins 90 games in a row—the longest winning streak in college basketball history—before falling to the Stanford Cardinal. 2011 Television talk-show host Oprah Winfrey launches the Oprah Winfrey Network (OWN), “a multi-platform media company designed to entertain, inform, and inspire people to live their best lives.” |
http://media-cache-ec3.pinterest.com...7f92e5d46d.jpg Thank You Mary: Mary Walker, a woman who sought equality for women. She was a surgeon, and she wore pants– when it was illegal to do so. She was proud of her arrest for this; she wanted the right for women to wear pants. She won the congressional medal of Honor when she never even had the right to vote! http://media-cache-is0.pinimg.com/19...7ede5f5ab1.jpg Many write: 1st. female Vice Presidential candidate, Geraldine Ferraro....this is an incorrect historical statement. Geraldine Ferraro was the 25th woman to run for U.S. Vice President. She was the 1st. woman representing the Democratic party, but the first woman that became the first United States Vice Presidential Candidate was indeed Marietta Stow in 1884. |
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