March is Women's History Month!!!!

[Kobi]

1862
In Sweden, single women who pay taxes win the right to vote in municipal elections.

1863
Mary Edwards Walker becomes a surgeon for the Union army in the American Civil War. In 1865 she receives a Congressional Medal of Honor. It is revoked shortly before her death and then reawarded posthumously.

c. 1863
More than 2,000 warriors form the Dahomey women's army, all of them technically wives of the king. Using bows, guns, and knives, they fight to capture prisoners.

1865
Sarah Edmonds publishes her autobiography, Nurse and Spy in the Union Army, describing her undercover work disguised as a man named Frank Thompson.

1865
The University of Zürich becomes the first European university to admit women.

1867
In Britain, the first petition for woman suffrage is presented to Parliament.

1867
In St. Andrews, Scotland, the Ladies' Golf Club is founded. 1868
In Thailand, Amdang Munan refuses to marry the man her parents picked for her. She prevails upon the king to rule that women may choose their own husbands.

1869
Married women in Britain gain the right to own property. 1869
Iowan Arabella Mansfield is the first woman admitted to the bar in the United States.

1869
Americans Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony found the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA).

1869
Lucy Stone and Henry Blackwell help found the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA).

1872
Charlotte E. Ray, the first African American woman lawyer, becomes the first woman admitted to the bar in the District of Columbia.

1872
In Japan, primary education for girls as well as boys is required by law. 1872
Susan B. Anthony leads 15 women to vote in Rochester, New York. She is arrested two weeks later.

1874
The Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) is founded.

1876
Tokyo Women's Normal School trains women as elementary teachers.

1877
Eudora Clark Atkinson is the first woman superintendent of the first women's state reformatory in the United States.

1877
Chilean women are allowed to attend university.

1877
Mother Jones helps lead the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, railroad strike.

1879
American Mary Baker Eddy heads the newly created First Church of Christ, Scientist.

c. 1880
Paiute Indian leader Sarah Winnemucca protests conditions on Indian reservations.

1881
In the United States the Indian Treaty-Keeping and Protective Association (later Women's National Indian Association) is founded by Mary Lucinda Bonney and Amelia Stone Quinton.

1881
Clara Barton establishes the American branch of the Red Cross and becomes its first president.

1881
Sofya Perovskaya helps to plan the assassination of Tsar Alexander II. She is arrested, tried, found guilty, and executed.

1881
Helen Hunt Jackson publishes A Century of Dishonor, a profound condemnation of the treatment of Native Americans by the United States.

1884
Wimbledon holds its first women's singles championship; Maud Watson wins.

1886
Women in Palestine agitate for the right to vote.

1886
Anandibai Joshee is the first Indian woman to earn a medical degree.

1889
Journalist Nellie Bly sets off around the world to beat the fictional record of Phileas Fogg.

1889
Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr found Hull House in Chicago. It is one of the first settlement houses in the United States and the most famous.

1889
Wyoming, a U.S. territory, approves a constitution that is the first in the world to grant full voting rights to women.

1890
The Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) is founded.

1890
Alice Stone Blackwell and others oversee the merger of two older organizations to form the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA).

1891
Liliuokalani becomes queen of Hawaii.

1892
Belgian activist Marie Popelin helps found the Belgian League of Women's Rights.

1892
Journalist Ida Wells-Barnett begins her campaign against lynching. Her newspaper offices are burned, and she is driven out of Memphis, Tennessee.

1892
The Royal Geographical Society admits Isabella Bird Bishop, its first female member.

1892
In Massachusetts, Senda Berenson introduces basketball at Smith College for women. 1

893
Largely through the efforts of suffragist Kate Sheppard, New Zealand becomes the first country to grant women the right to vote.

1893
In New York, Lillian D. Wald and Mary M. Brewster found the Henry Street Settlement on Manhattan's Lower East Side. It will become the home of the first visiting nurse organization.

1893
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine opens in Baltimore, Maryland. The women's committee that funds the school insists that men and women be admitted equally. \

1896
In Zimbabwe, legends hold, the ancestral spirit Ambuya Nehanda enters the body of a woman, who then starts a revolt against the British.

1896
The U.S. Geological Survey hires its first woman, geologist Florence Bascom.

1897
Queen Victoria celebrates her Diamond Jubilee, commemorating 60 years as Great Britain's monarch.

1897
Americans Alice McLellan Birney and Phoebe Apperson Hearst found the National Congress of Mothers, later called the Parent-Teacher Association (PTA). 1

898
Charlotte Perkins Gilman writes Women and Economics. She argues that the lost talent of women hampers the entire economy.

1898
The Chinese dowager empress Cixi regains power from the emperor. In 1900 she supports the Boxer Rebellion against the foreign powers.

1899
Kansan Carry Nation begins her campaign to close saloons, physically attacking bars with her hatchet.

1899
Korean women organize Yo-u-hoe, the Association of Women Friends, to fight against concubinage.

1899
Florence Kelley and the National Consumers League campaign against child labour and sweatshops and in favour of minimum wage legislation, shorter hours, improved conditions, and safety laws.

1900
Efficiency expert and industrial psychologist Lillian Moller (later Gilbreth) becomes the first female commencement speaker at the University of California at Berkeley.

1900
British tennis player Charlotte Cooper wins the first women's gold medal at the Olympics.

1900
Doctor Yoshioka Yayoi founds Japan's first medical school for women.

1901
Japan's Women's College is founded in Tokyo. Many of the women who graduate help to establish feminism in Japan.

1902
Ida M. Tarbell begins publishing The History of the Standard Oil Company in McClure's Magazine. Her exposé will contribute to the breakup of the company by a U.S. Supreme Court order in 1911.

1902
With the passage of the Midwives Act, the British Parliament requires midwives to be licensed.

1903
Mary Morton Kimball Kehew, Mary Kenney O'Sullivan, Jane Addams, and other middle-class reformers found the Women's Trade Union League (WTUL) in order to help working women organize.

1904
In French law, women are no longer permanent minors.

1904
Lillian D. Wald, Florence Kelley, and other reformers establish the National Child Labor Committee to work for legislation prohibiting child labour in the United States.

1904
Helen Keller, who is deaf and blind, graduates cum laude from Radcliffe College.

1905
English socialist economist Beatrice Webb becomes a member of the Royal Commission on the Poor Laws.

1905
Mohtaram Eskandari starts the Union of Patriotic Women, Iran's first organization for women. Religious leaders break up the first meeting and burn some of the women alive.

1906
Women in Finland win the right to vote.

1906
Russian revolutionary Mariya Spiridonova assassinates General Luzhenovsky.

1906
Anarchist Emma Goldman begins publishing Mother Earth magazine.

1907
Miina Sillanpää is elected to the Finnish Parliament.

1907
Margaret Slocum Sage donates $10 million to endow the Russell Sage Foundation to sponsor research to improve social conditions in the United States.

1908
Hannah Kent Schoff organizes the International Conference on Child Welfare in Washington, D.C.

1908
A group of women storm the British Parliament demanding suffrage. Twenty-four of them are arrested.

1908
In Muller v. State of Oregon the U.S. Supreme Court sustains a state law limiting the workday for Oregon's women workers to 10 hours.

1908
The government of Iran institutes a plan to improve women's literacy.

[Kobi]

Loretta Perfectus Walsh (April 22, 1896 – August 6, 1925) became the first American active-duty Navy woman, and the first woman allowed to serve as a woman, in any of the United States armed forces other than as a nurse, when she enlisted in the U.S. Naval Reserve on March 17, 1917. Walsh subsequently became the first woman Navy petty officer when she was sworn in as Chief Yeoman on March 21, 1917.

Marie Bottineau Baldwin (1863-1952) was a Chippewa attorney. Marie was the first Native American student and first woman of color to graduate from the Washington College of Law. Today the Women’s Law Association at her alma mater funds a scholarship in her name. Following law school, Marie worked for the Bureau of Indian Affairs and was treasurer the Society of American Indians.

Rebecca Latimer Felton (June 10, 1835 – January 24, 1930) was an American writer, lecturer, reformer, and politician who became the first woman to serve in the United States Senate. She was the most prominent woman in Georgia in the Progressive Era, and was honored by appointment to the Senate; she was sworn in on November 21, 1922, and served one day, the shortest serving Senator in U.S. history. At 87 years old, 9 months and 22 days, she was also the oldest freshman senator to enter the Senate

[The_Lady_Snow]

Gloria Anzaldua was a groundbreaking poet and cultural theorist, self-described Chicana/Tejana/lesbian/feminist/poet/writer.

[Kobi]

1909
The Sri Lanka Tamil Women's Union is created.

1909
Aleksandra Kollontay publishes The Social Foundations of the Women's Question while in exile from Russia.

1909
Mary White Ovington and Ida B. Wells-Barnett help found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

1909
In New York, shirtwaist workers go on strike. The International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU) and the Women's Trade Union League (WTUL) work together in support of the strike.

1911
Imprisoned British suffragists stage hunger strikes.

1911
Marie Curie is awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for the isolation of pure radium.

1911
Journalist and publisher Kalliroe Parren establishes the Lyceum of Greek Women.

1911
The Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire in New York City kills 146 workers, most of them young immigrant women. They were unable to escape because the exit doors had been locked to prevent theft.

1912
Juliette Gordon Low founds the Girl Guides (later Girl Scouts) in the United States. By 1927 there will be a troop in every state.

1913
Norwegian women win the right to vote.

1913
English suffragist Emmeline Pankhurst is arrested for conspiracy to blow up David Lloyd George's home. While in jail, she goes on a hunger strike.

1913
In Washington, D.C., Alice Paul and the National American Woman Suffrage Association organize a huge march on the Capitol the day before President Woodrow Wilson's inauguration.

1914
In Russia, Princess Eugenie Shakhovskaya is the first female military pilot. She flies reconnaissance missions.

1914
American activist Margaret Sanger is indicted under the Comstock Act for distributing a birth control pamphlet titled Family Limitation.

1915
Danish women win the right to vote.

1915
Carrie Chapman Catt and Jane Addams combine several American pacifist organizations to create the Women's Peace Party.

1915
The International Congress of Women meets at The Hague to consider ways to end World War I.

1916
The British government recruits 400,000 women to work in agriculture while men are at war.

1916
Jeannette Rankin is elected to Congress from Montana; she is the first female member of the U.S. House of Representatives.

1916
María Jesús Alvarado Rivera establishes Evolución Femenina, Peru's first women's organization.

1917
Soon after coming to power in Russia, the Bolsheviks reform marriage laws, create maternity leave, and establish equal employment and wages.

1917
Laws passed in Cuba protect women's custody of children, divorce rights, and property rights.

1917
The U.S. Navy hires 12,000 women as clerks in the same job classifications and for the same pay as men so that it can send men overseas.

1917
Feminist Kimura Komako organizes the first Japanese woman suffrage meeting.

1917
On March 8, Russian women strike for “bread and peace,” helping spark the revolution that overthrows the imperial government. The date is later chosen to mark International Women's Day.

1918
Canadian and British women are granted the right to vote, although in Great Britain a woman must be over age 30.

1918
The Indian National Congress endorses giving women the right to vote.

1918
Peruvians pass a law granting working women two hours a day to nurse their infants.

1918
The U.S. government reports that 1.4 million women work in war industries. After World War I these women are forced out of industrial work.

1918
British birth-control activist Marie Stopes publishes the controversial and best-selling books Married Love and Wise Parenthood.

1919
Lady Astor becomes the first female member of the British House of Commons.

1919
The Treaty of Versailles includes a requirement that women receive equal pay. The clause is universally ignored.

1920
In Chile the National Council of Women is created to agitate for women's rights.

1920
In Japan, Hiratsuka Raicho, Oku Mumeo, and Ichikawa Fusae found the Shin Fujin Kyokai (“Association of New Women”) to work for women's unions and equal rights.

1920
The Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is signed into law, giving women the right to vote.

1920
Despite death threats from the Ku Klux Klan, Mary McLeod Bethune begins a voter registration drive for African American women.

1920
Edith Eder from Hungary, Rebecca Sieff from Britain, and Vera Weizmann from Russia found the Women's International Zionist Organization (WIZO).

1920
The University of Oxford admits its first full-degree female students.

1920
Joan of Arc is canonized.

1921
Agnes McPhail becomes the first female Canadian member of Parliament.

1921
Grace Abbott becomes head of the United States Children's Bureau. She works for better health care for children and mothers as well as laws against child labour.

1921
The German Nazi Party excludes women from membership.

1921
Margaret Sanger founds the American Birth Control League, which later becomes the Planned Parenthood Federation of America.

1922
Bertha Lutz founds the Brazilian Federation for the Advancement of Women.

1922
Rebecca Ann Latimer Felton becomes the first woman to serve in the U.S. Senate. She serves only two days.

1923
Egyptian feminist Huda Shaarawi publicly unveils and inspires many other women to do the same.

1924
Chinese women demonstrate when Sun Yat-sen's National Congress denies them suffrage.

1925
The first women's college in Korea, Ewha Womans College (founded 1886), is accredited.

1926
New Argentine legislation gives women equality under the civil code.

1927
Norwegian-born figure skater Sonja Henie wins her first world amateur championship. She goes on to win the next nine world championships and gold medals at the Olympics in 1928, 1932, and 1936.

1929
Margaret Grace Bondfield is named minister of labour and becomes the first British female cabinet minister.

1929
Virginia Woolf publishes A Room of One's Own.

[Kobi]

Poker Alice (Alice Ivers Duffield Tubbs Huckert) (February 17, 1851 - February 27, 1930), was the best known female poker player in the American West. When she was twenty, the petite, attractive Alice married the mining engineer and avid gambler Frank Duffield. Alice joined her husband on his gambling excursions and quickly learned to master both poker and faro. When Frank was killed in an explosion, Alice began to earn her livelihood as a professional gambler. Alice died at the age of 79.

Virne Beatrice "Jackie" Mitchell Gilbert (Aug 29,1912,13or14–Jan 7,1987) was one of the first female pitchers in professional baseball history.Pitching for the Chattanooga Lookouts Class AA minor league baseball team in an exhibition game against the New York Yankees, she struck out Babe Ruth and Lou Gehrig. A few days after Mitchell struck out Ruth and Gehrig, baseball commissioner Kenesaw Landis voided her contract and declared women unfit to play baseball as the game was "too strenuous".

[Kobi]

1930
White South African women get the right to vote.

1930
Ellen Church becomes the first airline stewardess.

1931
Jane Addams receives the Nobel Prize for Peace.

1932
Women of Brazil and Thailand are granted the right to vote.

1932
Amelia Earhart becomes the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic.

1933
Franklin D. Roosevelt appoints Frances Perkins secretary of labor, and she becomes the first American female cabinet member.

1933
Portugal's new constitution specifically denies women's equal rights.

1933
In Nazi Germany, girls are inducted into the Jungmädel (“Young Maidens”) and Bund Deutscher Mädel (“League of German Girls”). The organizations stress the importance of virtue and motherhood.

1933
American author Gertrude Stein publishes The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas.

1933
In Italy, Mussolini rewards women who have more than 14 children.

1934
African American author Zora Neale Hurston publishes her first book, Jonah's Gourd Vine.

1934
Cuban law requires equal pay for equal work.

1935
Anthropologist Margaret Mead publishes Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies, challenging Western assumptions about gender relations.

1936
British pilot Beryl Markham becomes the first person to fly solo across the Atlantic from east to west.

1937
Women in the Philippines get the right to vote.

1937
The American Medical Association recognizes birth control as a legitimate topic for medical school classes.

1938
In France, women are admitted into unarmed military divisions.

1939
Marian Anderson gives a concert to an audience of 75,000 at the Lincoln Memorial after the Daughters of the American Revolution prevent her from singing at Constitution Hall because of her race.

1940
Margaret Chase Smith is elected to fill her late husband's seat in the U.S. Congress; she becomes the first woman to serve in the House of Representatives and the Senate.

1940
The U.S. Republican Party comes out in support of the Equal Rights Amendment.

1941
The Soviet Union creates three all-female pilot regiments. The most highly decorated is the 586th Women's Fighter Regiment.

1941
Pacifist Jeannette Rankin places the only congressional vote against U.S. entry into World War II.

1942
American women enlist in two newly created military bodies, the Women's Army Corps (WAC) and Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES).

1942
Elise Richter, the first female professor in Austria and a noted linguist, is deported to the Nazi concentration camp at Theresienstadt, where she later dies.

1943
The All-American Girls Professional Baseball League is founded by Chicago Cubs owner Philip Wrigley.

1943
More than 310,000 women take jobs in the U.S. aircraft industry. Wartime propaganda urges women to join the labour force for the duration of World War II.

1943
Physicist Elda Emma Anderson is recruited to work at Los Alamos on the development of the atomic bomb.

1944
Indian Muslim Noor un Nissa, the first British secret agent in the Nazi Party, is shot by the Gestapo.

1945
Diarist Anne Frank dies in the Nazi concentration camp at Bergen-Belsen. Two years later her father publishes her diary of their years spent in hiding.

1945
Eleanor Roosevelt becomes a delegate to the newly created United Nations.

1945
More than six million American women who entered the workforce during World War II are pushed out of their traditionally male jobs at war's end.

[Kobi]

Mary McLeod Bethune (1873-1955) was... a graduate of Moody Bible Institute, she opened a school for black girls.... From 1935-1944 she was a special advisor on minority affairs" to FDR. "She was the first black woman to head a federal agency." She also worked as a "consultant on interracial affairs" for the United Nations. Mary founded the "National Council Youth Administration of Negro Women and was director of Negro Affairs for the National Youth Administration."

Susanna "Dora" Salter, born on 3/2/1860. In 1887, at age 27, she was elected Mayor of Argonia, Kansas, becoming the 1st woman mayor and the 1st woman elected to political office in the United States.